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School (Institution) refer to educational establishments at different levels set up according to the government evaluation and approval procedures,enrolling school-age population.ª¥
Regular Institutions of Higher Learning refer to educational establishments set up according to the government evaluation and approval procedures, enrolling graduates from senior secondary schools and providing higher education courses and training for senior professionals.They include full-time universities, colleges, high professional schools,high professional vocational schools and others.Universities and colleges are mainly providing undergraduate courses; those high professional schools and high professional vocational schools are mainly providing professional trainings.ª¥
Institutions of Higher Learning for Adults refer to educational establishments, set up in line with relevant rules approved by the government, enrolling staff and workers with senior secondary school or equivalent education, and providing higher education courses in many forms of correspondence,spare time, or full time for adults.Professionals thus trained receive a qualification equivalent to graduates studying regular courses at regular universities, colleges and professional colleges.Institutions of higher learning for adults include schools of high education for staff and workers,schools of high education for peasants,colleges for management cadres, pedagogical colleges, independent correspondence colleges, Radio and TV universities and other educational establishments.ª¥
Secondary Professional Schools refer to educational establishments, set up in line with relevant rules approved by the government, implementing secondary professional education.Secondary professional schools are original specialized secondary schools (secondary technical schools, secondary teacher training schools) , specialized secondary schools for adults, vocational secondary schools, which are named secondary professional schools after they are merged,constructed together and adjusted to be a kind of education type.ª¥
Vocational Secondary Schools (vocational senior secondary schools, vocational junior secondary schools) refer to educational establishments approved by county or above education administrative department, enrolling graduates from primary schools and junior secondary schools and providing vocational secondary education courses.They include vocational secondary schools (including vocational senior secondary schools, vocational junior secondary schools, vocational junior & senior secondary schools) , vocational secondary schools with regular secondary school classes.ª¥
Regular Secondary Schools (regular senior secondary schools,regular junior secondary schools) are divided into regular senior secondary schools and regular junior secondary schools.Regular junior secondary schools refer to educational establishments enrolling graduates from primary schools and providing junior secondary education courses.Regular senior secondary schools refer to educational establishments enrolling graduates from junior secondary schools and providing senior secondary education courses.Whole seconary schools refer to educational establishments including senior secondary school and junior secondary school.Successive schools refer to educational establishments providing successive primary and secondary education courses, include nine-year successive schools and twelve-year successive schools. (Note: If successive schools can be divided into primary school, junior secondary school and senior secondary school, should fill in respectively, otherwise, should fill in junior secondary school or senior secondary school and have no repetition.)ª¥
Primary Education (Regular Primary Schools) refer to educational establishments approved by county or above education administrative department, enrolling school-age children and providing primary education courses.ª¥
Baby Education (Kindergartens) Kindergartens refer to educational units enrolling children aged 3-6, include all baby education units. Kindergartens take games as basic activities.ª¥
Schools for Juvenile Delinquents refer to educational establishments founded by education deparment and public security department, enrolling students of secondary schools with slight illegal behavior.ª¥
Special Education Schools refer to educational establishments, enrolling blind, deaf, dumb children, weak-minded children and providing regular or vocational primary and seconary education courses.ª¥
Graduates refer to the number of students who have student status, learn over all education courses,pass the examination and receive diploma.ª¥
New Students Enrollment refer to number of new students who have passed enrollment examination (Higher Learning include students enrolled in spring and autumn).ª¥
Students Enrollment refer to number of students with student status at the beginning of the school year.ª¥
Number of Teachers, Officers and Workers refer to work at schools (institutions) and receive wages from schools (institutions) . They include personnel whose personal connections and files put in schools, engaged personnel, i.e.full-time personnel engaged by higher learning(institutions) . The personal connections of engaged personnel are put in schools but files are not put in schools.Number of teachers,officers and workers include staff, personnel of science rearch institutions, staff and workers of enterprises founded by schools and personnel of other subordinated institutions.ª¥
Full-time Teachers refer to personnel who have qualifications of teacher and undertake educational working.ª¥
Science and Technology Activity refer to organizational activity aimed at developing, spreading and applying the scientific technology about natural science, agriculture science, medicine science, engineering and technology science, human and social science. In order to calculate the input of science and technology,science and technology activities are divided into R&D, Achievements Applying on Researches & Experiments Developing and Science and Technique Services. ª¥
Research and Experimental Development(R&D) refers to systematic and creative endeavor aimed at expanding the overall volume of knowledge and applying the knowledge in inventing new uses. It includes basic studies, application research and experimental development. For industrial enterprises, their R&D mainly belongs to experimental development activities. ª¥
Basic Research refers to empirical or theoretical research aiming at obtaining new knowledge on the fundamental principles of phenomena of observable facts to reveal the nature and law of movement of objects and to acquire new discoveries or new theories. Basic research takes no specific or designated application as the aim of the research. Results of basic research are mainly released or disseminated in the form of scientific papers or monographs. ª¥
Applied Research refers to creative research aiming at obtaining new knowledge on a specific objective or target. Purpose of the applied research is to identify the possible use of results from basic research, or to explore new (fundamental) methods or new approaches. Results of applied research are expressed in the form of scientific papers, monographs, fundamental models or invention patents. ª¥
Experiments and Development refer to systematic activities aiming at using the knowledge from basic and applied researches or from practical experience to develop new products, materials and equipment, to establish new production process, system and service, or to make substantial improvement on the existing products, process and services. Results of experiment and development activities are embodied in patents, exclusive technology, monotype of new products or equipment. ª¥
Achievements Applying on Researches & Experiments Developing It is meant that a lot of work is systematically taken to find solutions applicable both/either to technological problems in products, materials and devices put into production and in skills, systems and services into practical use. This kind of achievements include blueprint, technical standard and operating rules with technology and technological parameter for the purpose of production and practical operation. ª¥
Science and Technique Services A forward movement in research of the science and development of experiment is a help in creation, spread and application of scientific and technological knowledge, including seven principal matters : (a) extending application, on scope, of an achievement in science and technique by setting an example related there to in popularization, (b) furnishing users with the systematic information on sciences and value-lasting documents as a study, (c) making technique- inquiring business available to users for requirement of technologies either by way of a suggestion or of a scheme, either analysis or feasibility report, (d) people observing day by day and/or listening and reporting on or testing, by apparatus, things appearing in or changes brought about by the nature and living beings, (e) inspecting and/or searching for resources, (f) collecting, analyzing routinely and sorting out the general-purpose information on societies, humanities and economics, e.g. statistics and on-the-spot investigationon markets, (g) providing a test, standardization, measure, calculation, quality control and patent-related services to the society and the public, not to industrial enterprises and/or firms engaged in the above items-developing dealings made available to their normal production and/or operation.
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