Standard of
Industry Categorized
In this
statistical yearbook, the industry category adopts the standard (GB/T
4754-2002). The revision, based on the 1994 classification, was organized by
the National Bureau of Statistics taking into consideration of the
International Standards of the Industrial Classification of All Economic
Activities (ISIC/Rev.3) of the United Nations. The new Classification was
promulgated by the National Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection
and Quarantine on May 10, 2002.
|
National Economy Industry Category (GB/T
4754-2002) |
|||
|
Industry |
Large |
Middle |
Small |
|
A Farming, Forestry, Animal Husbandry and
Fishery |
5 |
18 |
38 |
|
B Minerals Mining |
6 |
15 |
33 |
|
C Manufacturing |
30 |
169 |
482 |
|
D Production & Supply of Power, Gas and
Water |
3 |
7 |
10 |
|
E Construction |
4 |
7 |
11 |
|
F Transport, Storage, Post Services |
9 |
24 |
37 |
|
G Information Transmitting, Computer Services
and Software |
3 |
10 |
14 |
|
H Wholesale and Retail Trade |
2 |
18 |
93 |
|
I Accommodation and Catering Services |
2 |
7 |
7 |
|
J Finance |
4 |
16 |
16 |
|
K Real Estate |
1 |
4 |
4 |
|
L Leasing and Business Services |
2 |
11 |
27 |
|
M Scientific Research, Technical Services and
Geological Prospecting |
4 |
19 |
23 |
|
N Management for Water Conservancy,
Environment and Public Facilities |
3 |
8 |
18 |
|
O Resident Services and Other Social Services |
2 |
12 |
16 |
|
P Education |
1 |
5 |
13 |
|
Q Health Care, Social Security and Social
Welfare |
3 |
11 |
17 |
|
R Culture, Sports and Recreational Services |
5 |
22 |
29 |
|
S Public Management and Social Organizations |
5 |
12 |
24 |
|
T International Organizations |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
(Total) 20 |
95 |
396 |
913 |
Three Industries
According to
the standard of national economy industry category (GB/T 4754-2002), three
industries are categorized as following.
Primary Industry includes agriculture, forestry, animal
husbandry and fishery.
Secondary Industry includes minerals mining, manufacturing,
production and supply of electricity, gas and water, construction.
Tertiary Industry includes all other industries not
included in primary or secondary industry, including transport, storage, post
services; information transmitting, computer services and software; wholesale
and retail trade; accommodation and catering services; finance; real estate;
leasing and business services; scientific research, technical services and
geological prospecting; management for water conservancy, environment and
public facilities; resident services and other social services; education;
health care, social security and social welfare; culture, sports and
recreational services; public management and social organizations and so on.
Actual Price (current year price)
includes all
other industries not included in primary or secondary industry, including
transport, storage, post services; information transmitting, computer services
and software; wholesale and retail trade; accommodation and catering services;
finance; real estate; leasing and business services; scientific research,
technical services and geological prospecting; management for water
conservancy, environment and public facilities; resident services and other
social services; education; health care, social security and social welfare;
culture, sports and recreational services; public management and social
organizations and so on.
Constant Prices
refer to prices
that are used to remove the factors of price change in calculating economic
aggregates, so as to facilitate comparison of aggregates over time. Two methods
are used for calculating economic aggregates at constant prices, a) Multiplying
the output of products by their constant prices of certain year; b) Deflation
of data at current prices by relevant price index.
Various Planning
Periods
The
conventional division of time period in this statistical yearbook is as
follows: Rehabilitation Period, 1950-1952; The First Five-Year Plan period
(cited as first-five period), 1953-1957; The Second Five-Year Plan period
(cited as second-five period), 1958-1962; The Third Five-Year Plan period
(cited as third-five period), 1966-1970; The Fourth Five-Year Plan period
(cited as fourth-five period), 1971-1975; The Fifth Five-Year Plan period
(cited as fifth-five period), 1976-1980; The Sixth Five-Year Plan period (cited
as sixth-five period), 1981-1985; The Seventh Five-Year Plan period (cited as
seventh-five period), 1986-1990; The Eight Five-Year Plan period (cited as
eighth-five period), 1991-1995; The Ninth Five-Year Plan period (cited as
ninth-five period), 1996-2000; The Tenth Five-Year Plan period (cited as
tenth-five period), 2001-2005.
Average Annual
Growth Rate
shows the average
growth rate of social and economic development during a longer period. It can
not be directly calculated by chain based growth rate. The relation is:
Average Annual Growth Rate = Average Speed of Development –
1
Average speed of development is the time series average of
speed which calculated by chain based. Because the reference bases during the
different periods are not same, average speed of development can not be
calculated by the general method. Level approach and accumulative approach for
calculating average speed of development rate are applied. The “level
approach”, or the method of calculating the geometric average, is derived by
the formula of geometric average of the chain-based speeds of development, or
comparing the level of the last year of the interval with that of the beginning
year; the other is called the “accumulative approach” or the “algebraic
average”, “equation” method, which is derived by the summation of the actual
figure of each year in the interval divided by the figure in the base year. The
level approach focuses on the level of the last year, while the accumulative
approach emphasizes the aggregate development in the duration.
The average annual growth rates listed in the Yearbook are
calculated by the level approach except for the growth rate of investment in
fixed assets. The base year is not listed in the duration for which average
annual growth rates are computed. For instance, the average annual growth rate
of the 43 years since 1949 is shown as the average annual growth rate of
1950-1992 without showing the base year 1949.
Registration
Status of Enterprises
Enterprises
are classified into 3 categories, in the light of the registration status of an
enterprise in industrial and commercial administration agencies.
Domestic-funded enterprises include state-owned enterprises, collective-owned
enterprises, cooperative enterprises, private enterprises, share-holding
corporations Ltd., limited liability corporations, joint ownership enterprises
and other domestic-funded enterprises.
Domestic-funded
Enterprises include state-owned enterprises, collective-owned
enterprises, cooperative enterprises, private enterprises, share-holding
corporations Ltd., limited liability corporations, joint ownership enterprises
and others.
State-owned
Enterprises refer to non-corporation economic units where the entire
assets are owned by the state and which have registered in accordance with the
Regulation of the People's Republic of
Collective-owned
Enterprises refer to economic units where the assets are owned
collectively and which have registered in accordance with the Regulation of the
People’s Republic of
Cooperative
Enterprises refer to a form of collective economic units (enterprises)
where capitals come mainly from employees as their shares, with certain
proportion of capital from the outside, where production is organized on the
basis of independent operation, independent accounting for profits and losses,
joint work, democratic management, and a distribution system that integrates remuneration
according to work with divided according to capital share.
Private
Enterprises refer to profit-making economic units invested and
established by natural persons, or controlled by natural persons using employed
labour. Included in this category are private limited
liability corporations, private share-holding corporations Ltd., private
partnership enterprises and private-funded enterprises registered in accordance
with the Corporation Law, Partnership Enterprises Law and Interim Regulations
on Private Enterprises.
Share-holding
Corporations Ltd. refer to economic units registered in accordance with the
Regulation of the People's Republic of China on the Management of Registration
of Corporations, with total registered capitals divided into equal shares and
raised through issuing stocks. Each investor bears limited liability to the
corporation depending on the holding of shares, and the corporation bears
liability to its debt to the maximum of its total assets.
Limited
Liability Corporations refer to economic units established with investment from
2-50 investors and registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People’s
Republic of China on the Management of Registration of Corporations, each
investor bearing limited liability to the corporation depending on its share of
investment, and the corporation bearing liability to its debt to the maximum of
its total assets. Limited liability corporations include exclusive state-funded
limited liability corporations and other limited liability corporations.
Sole
State-funded Corporations refer to limited liability corporations established with
exclusive investment from investment institutions or departments authorized by
the state.
Other
Limited Liability Corporations refer to the limited liability corporations other than sole
state-funded corporations.
Joint
Ownership Enterprises refer to economic units established by two or more
corporate enterprises or corporate institutions of the same or different
ownership, through joint investment on the basis of equality, voluntary
participation and mutual benefits. They include state joint ownership
enterprises, collective joint ownership enterprises, joint state-collective
enterprises, and other joint ownership enterprises.
Other
Domestic-funded Enterprises refer to domestic-funded economic units other than those
mentioned above.
Enterprises
with Investment from
Enterprises
with Exclusive Investment from
Share-holding
Corporations Ltd. with Investment from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan refer to
share-holding corporations Ltd. established with the approval from the Ministry
of Commerce Relations (the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic) in line with
relevant state regulations, where the share of investment from Hong Kong, Macao
or Taiwan business men exceeds 25% of the total registered capital of the
corporation. In case, the share of investment from
Foreign
Funded Enterprises include joint venture enterprises with foreign investment,
cooperation enterprises with foreign investment, enterprises with exclusive
foreign investment, share-holding corporations Ltd. with foreign investment.
Enterprises
with Sole (exclusive) Foreign Investment refer to enterprises established in the mainland of
Share-holding
Corporations Ltd. with Foreign Investment refer to share-holding corporations Ltd. established with
the approval from the former Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Relations
in line with relevant State regulations, where the share of investment from
foreign investors exceeds 25% of the total registered capital of the
corporation. In case the share of foreign investment is less than 25% of the total
registered capital, the enterprise is to be classified as domestic-funded
share-holding corporation Ltd.
Government
Agencies, Institutions
and Social
Organizations
are classified
into following categories by source of funds and way of management taking
reference of the registration status of enterprises.
1.
Government agencies include state and party agencies, classified in principle
as "state-owned". There are exceptions, such as supply and marketing
cooperatives which are classified as "collective-owned".
2.
Institutions include institutions of various types established with the
approval by organization and staffing department of the government, but exclude
institutions where enterprise management system is introduced. Institutions are
further classified as follows:
(1)
Institutions whose main budget is listed in the government budget
appropriations or extra-budget funds, or allocated from the budget of their
competent government agencies. Such institutions are classified as
"state-owned".
(2) Institutions
whose budget mainly comes from collective units. Such institutions are
classified as "collective-owned".
(3)
Institutions established by individual (individual partnership), which are
classified as "private".
(4)
Institutions other than those mentioned above whose source of budget are not
clear. Such institutions are classified by way of management.
3. Social
organizations include social organizations established with the approval from
the Ministry of Civil Affairs, and organizations that are not covered by social
organizations management regulations such as trade unions, women's federations
etc. Social organizations are further classified as follows:
(1) Social
organizations that are not covered by social organizations management
regulations of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, such as trade unions, women's
federations, communist youth leagues, youth associations, industrial and
commerce associations, scientists associations, overseas Chinese associations,
etc., foundations and fund management organization established with funds from
state, and social organizations whose funds mainly come from the budget of
their competent government agencies. Such institutions are classified as
"state-owned".
(2) Social
organizations whose budget mainly comes from collective units. Such
institutions are classified as "collective-owned".
(3) Social
organizations established by individual (individual partnership), which are
classified as "private".
(4) Social
organizations other than those mentioned above whose source of budget is not clear. Such institutions are classified by way of
management.
Type of Ownership
refers to
enterprises classified as various type of ownership in accordance with
registered categories of enterprises after 1998.In which, state-owned economy
refer to state-owned enterprises, sole state-funded enterprises, state joint
ownership enterprises, collective-owned economy refer to collective-owned
enterprises, cooperative enterprises, collective joint ownership enterprises;
private economy refer to private enterprises and individual.
The Division Standard of Urban and Rural Areas
According to
<The Regulation on The Division of Urban and Rural Areas in Statistics>
of State Department No.60 [2008], The new division
standard of Urban and Rural Areas is as follows: Urban Area including city and
township. City refers to the residents’ committee and other areas connected
with the actual construction of district and municipal government in the
districts of city and the city without districts. Township refers to the
residents’ committee and other areas connected with the actual construction of
district and municipal government outside city zones and other areas. Rural
areas refer to the areas besides urban areas defined by the regulation.