Industrial Classification of
National Economy
The
new Industrial Classification of National
Economy (GB/T 4754-2002) is introduced starting from the compilation of
2003 annual statistics. The revision, based on the 1994 classification, was
organized by the National Bureau of Statistics taking into consideration of the
International Standards of the Industrial
Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC/Rev.3) of the United
Nations. The new Classification was promulgated by the National Administration
of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine on May 10, 2002. The revised
version of the Industrial Classification
of the National Economy (GB/T 4754-2002) is composed of 20 major divisions,
95 divisions, 396 major groups and 913 groups, of which 4 major divisions, 3
divisions, 28 major groups and 67 groups are new respectively.
Category of Three Industries
Three
industries are categorized according to the standard of the Industrial
Classification of the National Economy (GB/T 4754-2002).
Primary
Industry includes agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery.
Secondary
Industry includes industry (minerals mining, manufacturing, production and
supply of electricity, gas and water) and construction.
Tertiary
Industry includes all other industries not included in primary or secondary
industry, including transportation, storage, post services; information
transmitting, computer services and software; wholesale and retail trade;
accommodation and catering services; finance; real estate; leasing and business
services; scientific research, technical services and geological prospecting;
management for water conservancy, environment and public facilities; resident
services and other social services; education; health care, social security and
social welfare; culture, sports and recreational services; public management
and social organizations , international organizations and so on.
Registration Status of
Enterprises
Enterprises
are classified into 3 categories, namely domestic-funded enterprises,
enterprises with investment from Hong Kong, Macau and
State-owned Enterprises refer to non-corporation
economic units where the entire assets are owned by the state and which have
registered in accordance with the
Regulation of the People’s Republic of
Collective-owned Enterprises refer to economic units where the assets are owned
collectively and which have registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People’s Republic of
Cooperative Enterprises refer to a form of collective economic units
(enterprises) where capitals come mainly from employees as their shares, with
certain proportion of capital from the outside, where production is organized
on the basis of independent operation, independent accounting for profits and
losses, joint work, democratic management, and a distribution system that
integrates remuneration according to work with divided according to capital share.
Private Enterprises refer to profit-making economic units invested and
established by natural persons, or controlled by natural persons using employed
labour. Included in this category are private limited
liability corporations, private share-holding corporations Ltd., private
partnership enterprises and private-funded enterprises registered in accordance
with the Corporation Law, Partnership
Enterprises Law and Interim Regulations on Private Enterprises.
Share-holding Corporations Ltd. refer to economic units registered in accordance with
the Regulation of the People’s Republic
of China on the Management of Registration of Corporate Enterprises, with
total registered capitals divided into equal shares and raised through issuing
stocks. Each investor bears limited liability to the corporation depending on
the holding of shares, and the corporation bears liability to its debt to the
maximum of its total assets.
Limited Liability Corporations refer to economic units established with investment from
2-50 investors and registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People’s Republic of China on the Management of
Registration of Corporate Enterprises, each investor bearing limited
liability to the corporation depending on its share of investment, and the corporation
bearing liability to its debt to the maximum of its total assets. Limited
liability corporations include exclusive state-funded limited liability
corporations and other limited liability corporations.
Sole State-funded Corporations refer to limited liability corporations established with
exclusive investment from investment institutions or departments authorized by
the state.
Other Limited Liability
Corporations refer to the limited liability
corporations other than sole state-funded corporations.
Joint Ownership Enterprises refer to economic units established by two or more
corporate enterprises or corporate institutions of the same or different
ownership, through joint investment on the basis of equality, voluntary
participation and mutual benefits. They include state joint ownership
enterprises, collective joint ownership enterprises, joint state-collective
enterprises, and other joint ownership enterprises.
Other Domestic-funded
Enterprises refer to domestic-funded
economic units other than those mentioned above.
Enterprises with Sole Investment
from
Share-holding Corporations Ltd.
with Investment from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan refer to share-holding corporations Ltd. established
with the approval from the Ministry of Commerce Relations (the Ministry of
Foreign Trade and Economic) in line with relevant state regulations, where the
share of investment from Hong Kong, Macao or Taiwan business men exceeds 25% of
the total registered capital of the corporation. In case, the share of
investment from
Enterprises with Sole Foreign
Investment refer to enterprises established
in the mainland of
Share-holding Corporations Ltd.
with Foreign Investment refer to share-holding
corporations Ltd. established with the approval from the former Ministry of
Foreign Trade and Economic Relations in line with relevant State regulations,
where the share of investment from foreign investors exceeds 25% of the total
registered capital of the corporation. In case the share of foreign investment
is less than 25% of the total registered capital, the enterprise is to be
classified as domestic-funded share-holding corporation Ltd.
Government Agencies,
Institutions and Social Organizations
are classified into following categories by source of funds
and way of management taking reference of the registration status of
enterprises.
1.
Government agencies include state and party agencies, classified in principle
as “state-owned”. There are exceptions, such as supply and marketing
cooperatives which are classified as “collective-owned”.
2.
Institutions include institutions of various types established with the
approval by organization and staffing department of the government, but exclude
institutions where enterprise management system is introduced. Institutions are
further classified as follows:
(1)
Institutions whose main budget is listed in the government budget
appropriations or extra-budget funds, or allocated from the budget of their
competent government agencies. Such institutions are classified as
“state-owned”.
(2)
Institutions whose budget mainly comes from collective units. Such institutions
are classified as “collective-owned”.
(3)
Institutions established by individual (individual partnership), which are
classified as “private”.
(4)
Institutions other than those mentioned above whose source of budget are not
clear. Such institutions are classified by way of management.
3.
Social organizations include social organizations established with the approval
from the Ministry of Civil Affairs, and organizations that are not covered by
social organizations management regulations such as trade unions, women’s
federations etc. Social organizations are further classified as follows:
(1)
Social organizations that are not covered by social organizations management
regulations of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, such as trade unions, women’s
federations, communist youth leagues, youth associations, industrial and
commerce associations, scientists associations, overseas Chinese associations,
etc., foundations and fund management organization established with funds from
state, and social organizations whose funds mainly come from the budget of
their competent government agencies. Such institutions are classified as
“state-owned”.
(2)
Social organizations whose budget mainly comes from collective units. Such
institutions are classified as “collective-owned”.
(3)
Social organizations established by individual (individual partnership), which
are classified as “private”.
(4)
Social organizations other than those mentioned above whose source of budget is not clear. Such institutions are classified by way of
management.
Type of Ownership
refers
to enterprises classified as various type of ownership in accordance with
registered categories of enterprises after 1998.In which, state-owned economy
refer to state-owned enterprises, sole state-funded enterprises, state joint
ownership enterprises, collective-owned economy refer to collective-owned
enterprises, cooperative enterprises, collective joint ownership enterprises;
private economy refer to private enterprises and individual.
The Division Standard of Urban
and Rural Areas
According to The
Regulation on The Division of Urban and Rural Areas in Statistics of State Department No.60
[2008], The new division standard of Urban and Rural Areas is as follows: Urban
Area including city and township. City refers to the residents’ committee and
other areas connected with the actual construction of district and municipal
government in the districts of city and the city without districts. Township
refers to the residents’ committee and other areas connected with the actual
construction of district and municipal government outside city zones and other
areas. Rural areas refer to the areas besides urban areas defined by the
regulation.
Actual Price (current price)
includes
all other industries not included in primary or secondary industry, including
transport, storage, post services; information transmitting, computer services
and software; wholesale and retail trade; accommodation and catering services;
finance; real estate; leasing and business services; scientific research,
technical services and geological prospecting; management for water
conservancy, environment and public facilities; resident services and other
social services; education; health care, social security and social welfare;
culture, sports and recreational services; public management and social
organizations and so on.
Constant Price
refer to prices that are used to remove the factors of price
change in calculating economic aggregates, so as to facilitate comparison of
aggregates over time. Two methods are used for calculating economic aggregates
at constant prices,
a) Multiplying the output of products by their constant prices of certain year;
b) Deflation of data at current prices by relevant price index.
Average Annual Growth Rate
shows the average growth rate of social and economic
development during a longer period. It can not be directly calculated by chain
based growth rate. The relation is:
Average Annual Growth Rate =
Average Speed of Development – 1
Average
speed of development is the time series average of speed which calculated by
chain based. Because the reference bases during the different periods are not
same, average speed of development can not be calculated by the general method.
Level approach and accumulative approach for calculating average speed of
development rate are applied. The “level approach”, or the method of
calculating the geometric average, is derived by the formula of geometric
average of the chain-based speeds of development, or comparing the level of the
last year of the interval with that of the beginning year; the other is called
the “accumulative approach” or the “algebraic average”, “equation” method,
which is derived by the summation of the actual figure of each year in the
interval divided by the figure in the base year. The level approach focuses on
the level of the last year, while the accumulative approach emphasizes the
aggregate development in the duration.
The
average annual growth rates listed in the Yearbook are calculated by the level
approach except for the growth rate of investment in fixed assets. The base
year is not listed in the duration for which average annual growth rates are
computed. For instance, the average annual growth rate of the 43 years since
1949 is shown as the average annual growth rate of 1950-1992 without showing
the base year 1949.