Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators
Industrial Classification of National Economy
The Industrial Classification of National Economy (GB/T 4754-2011) is introduced starting from the compilation of 2012 annual statistics. The revision, was organized by the National Bureau of Statistics, and the new Classification was promulgated by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, together with Standardization Administration on April 29, 2011. The revision taking into more consideration of demand of management and statistic than ISIC/Rev.4 of the United Nations in major divisions and divisions, and the demand of management is more considered in major groups, besides aforesaid factors, combine with ISIC/Rev.4 of the United Nations is ensured in groups.The revised version of the Industrial Classification of the National Economy (GB/T 4754-2011) is composed of 20 major divisions, 96 divisions, 432 major groups and 1094 groups.
Category of Three Industries
Regulation on Classification of Three Strata of Industry are established according to the standard of the Industrial Classification of the National Economy (GB/T 4754-2011).
Primary Industry includes agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery£¨excluding of service industry of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery.
Secondary Industry includes minerals mining (excluding mining auxiliary activities), manufacturing (excluding metal products, machinery and equipment repair), production and supply of electricity, heat, gas and water and construction.
Tertiary Industry namely service industry, includes all other industries not included in primary or secondary industry, including wholesale and retail trade; transportation, storage and post services; accommodation and catering services; information transmitting, software and information technology services; finance; real estate; leasing and business services; scientific research and technical services; management for water conservancy, environment and public facilities; resident services, repair and other services; education; health care and social work; culture, sports and recreational services; public management, social security and social organizations, and service industry of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, mining auxiliary activities of minerals mining, metal products, machinery and equipment repair of manufacturing.
Registration Status
Judicial Entities and Establishments grouped by Registered Type in industrial and commercial administration agencies. For the Registered Type of government agencies, institutions and social organizations, which are classified mainly by their sources of funding and manner of management. According to the actual instance, confirming in accordance with Provisions on the registration of enterprises registered type.
Enterprises (units) are grouped by the fllowing several Registered Type in industrial and commercial administration agencies:
State-owned Enterprises refer to non-corporation economic units where the entire assets are owned by the state and which have registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People's Republic of China on the Management of Registration of Corporate Enterprises. Excluded from this category are sole state-funded corporations in the limited liability corporations.
Collective-owned Enterprises refer to economic units where the assets are owned collectively and which have registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People's Republic of China on the Management of Registration of Corporate Enterprises.
Cooperative Enterprises refer to a form of collective economic units (enterprises) where capitals come mainly from employees as their shares, with certain proportion of capital from the outside, where production is organized on the basis of independent operation, independent accounting for profits and losses, joint work, democratic management, and a distribution system that integrates remuneration according to work with divided according to capital share.
Joint Ownership Enterprise refer to economic units established by two or more corporate enterprises or corporate institutions of the same or different ownership, through joint investment on the basis of equality, voluntory participution and mutual benefits. They include state joint ownership enterprises, collective joint ownership enterprises, joint state-collective enterprises, and other joint ownership enterprises.
Limited Liability Corporations refer to economic units established with investment from 2-50 investors and registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People's Republic of China on the Management of Registration of Corporate Enterprises, each investor bearing limited liability to the corporation depending on its share of investment, and the corporation bearing liability to its debt to the maximum of its total assets. Limited liability corporations include exclusive state-funded limited liability corporations and other limited liability corporations.
Share-holding Corporations Ltd. refer to economic units registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People's Republic of China on the Management of Registration of Corporate Enterprises, with total registered capitals divided into equal shares and raised through issuing stocks. Each investor bears limited liability to the corporation depending on the holding of shares, and the corporation bears liability to its debt to the maximum of its total assets.
Private Enterprises refer to profit-making economic units invested and established by natural persons, or controlled by natural persons using employed labour. Included in this category are private-owned enterprises, private partnership enterprises, private limited liability corporations, private share-holding corporations Ltd. and sole private enterprises registered in accordance with the Corporation Law, Partnership Enterprises Law, Interim Regulations on Private Enterprises and sole proprietorship enterprise law.
Other Domestic-funded Enterprises refer to domestic-funded economic units other than those mentioned above from one to seven.
Joint Venture Enterprises with Funds from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan refer to Enterprises established by investors from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan with enterprises in the mainland of china in accordance with the law of the people's Republic of China on Sino-foreign joint ventures and other relevant laws, Where the establishment of the investment and the sharing of profits and risks are stipulated under joint venture contract.
Cooperative Enterprises with Funds From Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan established by investors from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan with enterprises in the mainland of china in accordance with the law of the people's Republic of China on Sino-foreign Contractual Joint Venture and other relevant laws, Where the investment or provision of facilities and the sharing of profits, risks and deficits are stipulated under cooperative contract.
Enterprise with Sole Investment from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan refer to enterprises established in the mainland of china with exclusive investment from investors from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan in accordance with the law of the people's Republic of China on Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprises and other relevant laws.
Share-holding Corporation Ltd. With Investment from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan refer to share-holding corporations Ltd. Established with the approval from Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China (the former Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic) Relations in line with relevant state regulations, where the share of investment from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan businessmen exceeds 25% of the total registered capital of the corporation. In case the share of investment from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan is less than 25% of the total registered capital, the enterprise is to be classified as domestic-funded share-holding corporation Ltd.
Other Enterprises with Funds From Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan refer to partnership enterprises with investments from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan established within the territory of China in accordance with Administrative Measures on the Establishment of Partnership Enterprises in China by Foreign Enterprise or Foreign Individuals and Regulation for the Administration of the Registration of Foreign-invested Partnership Enterprise.
Joint Venture Enterprise with Foreign Investment refer to enterprises jointly established by foreign enterprises or foreigners with enterprises in the mainland of China in accordance with the Law of the People's Republic of China on Sino-foreign Contractual Joint Venture and other relevant laws, where the investment or provision of facilities and the sharing of profits and risks are stipulated under cooperative contracts.
Cooperative Enterprise with Foreign Investment refer to enterprise jointly established by foreign enterprises or foreigners with enterprises in the mainland of China in accordance with the Law of the People's Republic of China on Sino-foreign Contractual Joint Venture and other relevant laws, where the investment or provision of facilities and the sharing of profits, risks and deficits are stipulated under cooperative contracts.
Enterprises with Sole Foreign Investment refer to enterprise established in the mainland of China with exclusive investment from foreign investors in accordance with the Law of the People's Republic of China on Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprises and other relevant laws.
Share-holding Corporations Ltd. With Foreign Investment refer to share-holding corporations Ltd. Established with the approval from Ministry of Commerce of the People¡¯s Republic of China (the former Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic) Relations in line with relevant state regulations, where the share of investment from foreign investors exceeds 25% of the total registered capital of the corporation. In case the share of foreign investment is less than 25% of the total registered capital, the enterprise is to be classified as domestic-funded share-holding corporation Ltd.
Other Enterprises with Foreign Funds refer to partnership enterprises established within the territory of China in accordance with Administrative Measures on the Establishment of Partnership Enterprises in China by Foreign Enterprises or Foreign Individuals and Regulations for the Administration of the Registration of Foreign-invested Partnership Enterprises.
Type of Ownership
The Yearbook¡¯s economic type classified as various type in accordance with registered categories of enterprises after 1998. In which, state-owned economy refer to state-owned enterprises, sole state-funded enterprises, state joint ownership enterprises; collective-owned economy refer to collective-owned enterprises, cooperative enterprises, collective joint ownership enterprises; private economy refer to private enterprises and individual.
The Division Standard of Urban and Rural Areas
According to the Regulation on the Division of Urban and Rural Areas in Statistics of State Department No.60 [2008], the division standard of Urban and Rural Areas is as follows: based on the administrative division, with the residents' committee and village committee areas confirmed by The Department of Civil Affairs as the division objects, with the actual construction as the division basis, our region is divided into urban and rural areas.
The actual construction refers to the public facilities, residential facilities and other facilities which are completed or under construction.
Urban Area including city and township.
City refers to the residents' committee and other areas connected with the actual construction of district and municipal government in the districts of city and the city without districts.
Township refers to the residents' committee and other areas connected with the actual construction of district and municipal government outside city zones and other areas. Township also including the independent mining areas, development areas, scientific research units, universities and other special areas, as well as the station of farms and forest farms, which are not connected with the actual construction of government and the resident population is more than 3000 people.
Rural areas refer to the areas besides urban areas defined by the regulation.
Actual Price (current price)
includes all other industries not included in primary or secondary industry, including transport, storage, post services; information transmitting, computer services and software; wholesale and retail trade; accommodation and catering services; finance; real estate; leasing and business services; scientific research, technical services and geological prospecting; management for water conservancy, environment and public facilities; resident services and other social services; education; health care, social security and social welfare; culture, sports and recreational services; public management and social organizations and so on.
Constant Price
refer to prices that are used to remove the factors of price change in calculating economic aggregates, so as to facilitate comparison of aggregates over time. Two methods are used for calculating economic aggregates at constant prices,
a) Multiplying the output of products by their constant prices of certain year; b) Deflation of data at current prices by relevant price index.
Average Annual Increase Rate
shows the average growth rate of social and economic development during a longer period. It can not be directly calculated by chain based growth rate. The relation is:
Average Annual Growth Rate = Average Speed of Development-1
Average speed of development is the time series average of speed which calculated by chain based. Because the reference bases during the different periods are not same, average speed of development can not be calculated by the general method. Level approach and accumulative approach for calculating average speed of development rate are applied. The ¡°level approach¡±, or the method of calculating the geometric average, is derived by the formula of geometric average of the chain-based speeds of development, or comparing the level of the last year of the interval with that of the beginning year; the other is called the ¡°accumulative approach¡± or the ¡°algebraic average¡±, ¡°equation¡± method, which is derived by the summation of the actual figure of each year in the interval divided by the figure in the base year. The level approach focuses on the level of the last year, while the accumulative approach emphasizes the aggregate development in the duration.
The average annual growth rates listed in the Yearbook are calculated by the level approach except for the growth rate of investment in fixed assets. The base year is not listed in the duration for which average annual growth rates are computed. For instance, the average annual growth rate of the 43 years since 1949 is shown as the average annual growth rate of 1950-1992 without showing the base year 1949.