|
Gross Domestic Product refers to the final products at market prices produced by all resident units in a country(or a region) during a certain period of time.
The form of value added refers to the total value of all products and services produced by all resident units during a certain period of time minus total value of inputs of non-fixed-assets products and services or the summation of the value added of all resident units;the form of prduct refers to all final goods and services minus improts of goods and services. In the practice of national accounting, it is calculated by three apprroaches,i.e.product approach, income approach and expenditure approach, respectively, to reflect Gross Product and its composition of different aspects. According to the regulations of GDP national accounting as Tianjin Gross Product Value, for short Tianjin GDP.
Green Economic GDP The human economic activities include two components. On one hand, creating wealth for social,namely so-called“positive effect”，but on the other hand, obstructing the development of the social productivity with all kinds of measures, namely so-called “negative effect” Green Economic GDP, i.e. the current GDP minus the environment resources cost and the protection service charge of the environment resources through reforming the current national economy accounts system and accounting the environment resources. Green Economic GDP, represents the net positive effect of national economy growth. The higher the weight of the Green Economic GDP accounted for the GDP, the higher the positive effect of national economy is, the lower the negative effect is, contrarily, the lower the positive effect of national economy is, the higher the negative effect is.
Labourer Remuneration refers to the whole payment of various forms earned by the labourers from the productive activities they are engaged in. It includes wages, bonuses and allowances the labourers earned in monetary form and in kind. It also includes the free medical services provided to the labourers and the medicine expenses, traffic subsidies, social insurance fee and housing provident fund paid by the labourer's working units for them. As the individual economy is concerned, since the labourer’s remuneration is not easily distinguished from the operating profit, both are treated as labourer’s remuneration.
Net Taxes on Production refers to the residual of the taxes on production minus the subsidies on production. The taxes on production refers to the various taxes, extra charges and fees levied on the production units on their production, sale and business activities as well as on some sectors of production, such as fixed assets,land and labour force,used in the production activities they are engaged in. In contrast to the taxes on production, the subsidies on production refer to the unilateral transfer of part of the government’s revenue to the production units and are therefore regarded as negative taxes on production. They include subsidies on the loss due to implementation of government policies, price subsidies, etc.
Depreciation of Fixed Assets refers to the depreciation of fixed assets of a given period, drawn in accordance with the stipulated depreciation rate for the purpose of compensating the wear loss of the fixed assets or the depreciation of fixed assets calculated in a fictitious way in accordance with the stipulated unified depreciation rate in the national economic accounting system.It reflects the value of transfer of the fixed assets in the production of the current period. The depreciation of fixed assets in various enterprises and institutions managed as enterprises refers to the depreciation expenses actually drawn. In government agencies and institutions not managed as enterprises which do not draw the depreciation expenses, as well as for the houses of residents, the depreciation of fixed assets is the imputed depreciation, which is calculated in accordance with the stipulated unified depreciation rate. In principle, the depreciation of fixed assets should be calculated on the basis of the re-purchased value of the fixed assets. However, there is no actual condition to re-evaluate all the fixed assets in China. Therefore, this method is temporarily adopted at present.
Operating Surplus refers to the balance of the value added created by the resident units deducting the labourer’s remuneration, net taxes on production and the depreciation of fixed assets. It is equivalent to the business profit of the enterprises plus subsidies on production, but the wages and welfare expenses paid from the profits should be deducted.
Final Consumption refers to the total expenditure of resident units on final consumption of goods and services in a certain period, namely the expenditure of the resident units for purchases of goods and services from domestic economic territory and abroad to meet the requirements of material, cultural and spiritual life. It excludes the consumption expenditure of non-resident units on consumption in the economic territory of the country. The final consumption is classified into households consumption and government consumption.
Households Consumption refers to the total expenditure of resident households on the final consumption of goods and services. In addition to the consumption of goods and services bought by the households directly with money, the households consumption also includes expenditure on goods and services obtained by the households on other ways, i.e.the goods and services provided to the households by the units in the form of payment in kind and transfer in kind; the goods and services produced and consumed by the households themselves, in which the services refer only to the owner-occupied housing and domestic services provided by the paid household workers;financial intermediate services provided by financial institutions;insurance services provided by insurance companies.
Government Consumption refers to the expenditure on the consumption of the public services provided by the government to the whole society and the net expenditure on the goods and services provided by the government to the households at free charge or lower prices. The former equals to the output value of the government services minus the value of operating income obtained by the government departments, the output value of the government services equals to its current operating expenditure plus depreciation of fixed assets. The latter equals to the market value of the goods and services provided by the government free of charge or at low prices to the households minus the value received by the government from the households.
Total Capital Formation refers to the fixed assets acquired minus those disposed and the net value of inventory, including the total fixed assets formation and the increase in inventory.
Total Fixed Capital Formation refers to the value of fixed assets acquired minus those disposed of during a given period. Fixed assets are the assets produced through production activities with specified unit value which could be used for over one year, excluding natural assets.Total fixed capital formation can be categorized into total tangible assets formation and total intangible assets formation.The total tangible assets formation include the value of the construction projects, installation projects completed and the equipment, apparatus and instruments purchased as well as the value of land improved, the value of draught animals, breeding stock, animal for milk, wool and for recreational animals purpose and the newly increased forest with economic value during a given period. The total intangible assets formation includes the prospecting of minerals, the acquisition of computer software minus the disposal of them.
Increase in Inventory refers to the market value of the change in inventory of resident units during a given period, i.e. the difference of value between the beginning and the end of the period minus the current gains due to the change in prices.The increase in inventory can be positive or negative.A positive value indicates the increase in inventory while a negative value indicates the decrease in stock. The inventory includes the raw materials, fuel and reserve materials purchased by the production units as well as the inventory of finished products, semi-finished products, etc.
Net Export of Goods and Services refers to the difference of the exports of goods and services minus the imports of goods and services. The imports include the value of various goods and services sold or gratuitously transferred by the resident units to the non-resident units. The imports include the value of various goods and services purchased or gratuitously acquired by the resident units from the non-resident units. Because the provision of services and the use of them happen simultaneously, the import and export of services do not appear to have the phenomena of crossing the border of the country. The acquisition of services by the resident units from abroad is usually treated as import while the acquisition of services by non-resident units in this country is usually treated as export. The export and import of goods are calculated at FOB. The formula for calculating is as follows:
Net export of goods and services =value of export of goods and services - value of import of goods and services
Standard of Industry Categorized In this statistical yearbook, the industry category adopts the standard (GB/T 4754-2002).
National Economy Industry Category (GB/T 4754-2002)
Industry Large Middle Small
A Farming, Forestry, Animal Husbandry and Fishery 5 18 38
B Minerals Mining 6 15 33
C Manufacturing 30 169 482
D Production & Supply of Power, Gas and Water 3 7 10
E Construction 4 7 11
F Transport, Storage, Post Services 9 24 37
G Information Transmitting,Computer Services and Software 3 10 14
H Wholesale and Retail Trade 2 18 93
I Accommodation and Catering Services 2 7 7
J Finance 4 16 16
K Real Estate 1 4 4
L Leasing and Business Services 2 11 27
M Scientific Research, Technical Services and Geological Prospecting 4 19 23
N Management for Water Conservancy, Environment and Public Facilities 3 8 18
O Resident Services and Other Social Services 2 12 16
P Education 1 5 13
Q Health Care, Social Security and Social Welfare 3 11 17
R Culture, Sports and Recreational Services 5 22 29
S Public Management and Social Organizations 5 12 24
T International Organizations 1 1 1
(Total) 20 95 396 913
Three Industries According to the standard of national economy industry category (GB/T 4754-2002), three industries are categorized as following.
Primary Industry include agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery.
Secondary Industry include minerals mining, manufacturing, production and supply of electricity, gas and water, construction.
Tertiary Industry include all other industries not included in primary or secondary industry, including transport, storage, post services; information transmitting, computer services and software; wholesale and retail trade; accommodation and catering services; finance; real estate; leasing and business services; scientific research, technical services and geological prospecting; management for water conservancy, environment and public facilities; resident services and other social services; education; health care, social security and social welfare; culture, sports and recreational services; public management and social organizations and so on.
Actual Price (current year price) refers to the actual prices during the reference period, i.e. ex-factory prices of industrial products, purchasing prices of farm products, retail prices, etc, reflecting the actually happening in current year, joining various statistical indicators on national economic, general balance among production, circulation, distribution, consumption.
Comparable Prices refer to prices that are used to remove the factors of price change in calculating economic aggregates, so as to facilitate comparison of aggregates over time. Two methods are used for calculating economic aggregates at comparable prices, a) Multiplying the output of products by their constant prices of certain year; b) Deflation of data at current prices by relevant price index.
Average Annual Growth Rate Two methods for calculating average annual growth rate are applied in China, one is often called "level approach", or the method of calculating geometric average, which is derived by comparing the level of the last year of the interval with that of the beginning year; the other is called "accumulative approach" or algebraic average or equation method, which is derived by the summation of the actual figure of each year in the interval divided by the figure in the base year. Usually the results calculated by the two methods are fairly close, but they differed sharply when uneven economic development occurred with striking fluctuations in growth.
The average annual growth rate listed in this statistical yearbook are calculated by "level approach" except for the growth rate of investment in fixed assets.The base years are not listed when the years are listed for average annual growth rates.
Registration Status of Enterprises Enterprises are classified into 3 categories, in the light of the registration status of an enterprise in industrial and commercial administration agencies.Domestic-funded enterprises include state-owned enterprises, collective-owned enterprises, cooperative enterprises, private enterprises, share-holding corporations Ltd., limited liability corporations, joint ownership enterprises and other domestic-funded enterprises.Hongkong, Macao and Taiwan funded enterprises include joint venture enterprises,cooperative enterprises, sole investment enterprises and share-holding corporations Ltd.Foreign funded enterprises include Chinese-foreign joint venture enterprises, Chinese-foreign cooperative enterprises, sole foreign funded enterprises and share-holding corporations Ltd.with foreign investment. Due to individuals don’t belong to enterprises, individuals don’t be listed according to the "Regulation of Registered Status of Enterprises". But individuals belong to statistical category. Registered status of enterprises is different to ownership, especially, state-owned and collective-owned enterprises are different to state-owned and collective-owned economy.
Domestic-funded Enterprises include state-owned enterprises, collective-owned enterprises, cooperative enterprises, private enterprises, share-holding corporations Ltd., limited liability corporations, joint ownership enterprises and others.
State-owned Enterprises refer to non-corporation economic units where the entire assets are owned by the state and which have registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People’s Republic of China on the Management of Registration of Corporate Enterprises. Excluded from this category are sole state-funded corporations in the limited liability corporations. Excluded from this category are enterprises with exclusive investment from state-owned, state-owned cooperative enterprises in the join ownership enterprises.
Collective-owned Enterprises refer to economic units where the assets are owned collectively and which have registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People’s Republic of China on the Management of Registration of Corporate Enterprises. Excluded from this category are collective-owned and collective-owned cooperative enterprises in joint ownership enterprises, excluded cooperative enterprises.
Cooperative Enterprises refer to a form of collective economic units (enterprises) where capitals come mainly from employees as their shares, with certain proportion of capital from the outside, where production is organized on the basis of independent operation, independent accounting for profits and losses, joint work, democratic management, and a distribution system that integrates remuneration according to work with divided according to capital share.
Private Enterprises refer to profit-making economic units invested and established by natural persons,or controlled by natural persons using employed labour. Included in this category are private limited liability corporations, private share-holding corporations Ltd., private partnership enterprises and private-funded enterprises registered in accordance with the Corporation Law, Partnership Enterprises Law and Interim Regulations on Private Enterprises.
Share-holding Corporations Ltd. refer to economic units registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People’s Republic of China on the Management of Registration of Corporations, with total registered capitals divided into equal shares and raised through issuing stocks. Each investor bears limited liability to the corporation depending on the holding of shares,and the corporation bears liability to its debt to the maximum of its total assets.
Limited Liability Corporations refer to economic units established with investment from 2-50 investors and registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People’s Republic of China on the Management of Registration of Corporations, each investor bearing limited liability to the corporation depending on its share of investment, and the corporation bearing liability to its debt to the maximum of its total assets.Limited liability corporations include exclusive state-funded limited liability corporations and other limited liability corporations.
Sole State-funded Corporations refer to limited liability corporations established with exclusive investment from investment institutions or departments authorized by the state.
Other Limited Liability Corporations refer to the limited liability corporations other than sole state-funded corporations.
Joint Ownership Enterprises refer to economic units established by two or more corporate enterprises or corporate institutions of the same or different ownership, through joint investment on the basis of equality, voluntary participation and mutual benefits. They include state joint ownership enterprises, collective joint ownership enterprises, joint state-collective enterprises, other joint ownership enterprises.
Other Domestic-funded Enterprises refer to domestic-funded economic units other than those mentioned above.
Enterprises with Investment from Hongkong, Macao and Taiwan include joint venture enterprises with funds from Hongkong, Macao and Taiwan, cooperative enterprises with funds from Hongkong, Macao and Taiwan, enterprises with exclusive investment from Hongkong, Macao and Taiwan, share-holding corporations Ltd. with investment from Hongkong, Macao and Taiwan.
Enterprises with Exclusive Investment from Hongkong, Macao and Taiwan refer to enterprises established in the mainland of China with exclusive investment from investors from Hongkong, Macao and Taiwan in accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Foreign-Funded Enterprises and other relevant laws.
Share-holding Corporations Ltd. with Investment from Hongkong, Macao and Taiwan refer to share-holding corporations Ltd. established with the approval from the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Relations (the Ministry of Commerce) in line with relevant state regulations, where the share of investment from Hongkong, Macao or Taiwan business men exceeds 25% of the total registered capital of the corporation. In case, the share of investment from Hongkong, Macao or Taiwan is less than 25% of the total registered capital, the enterprise is to be classified as domestic-funded share-holding corporation Ltd.
Foreign Funded Enterprises include joint venture enterprises with foreign investment, cooperation enterprises with foreign investment, enterprises with exclusive foreign investment, share-holding corporations Ltd. with foreign investment.
Individual refer to economic units which the production materials are owned by individual, where production is organized on the basis of individual operation, labours results are owned and used by labourer, including economic units where have registered in accordance with Civil Law General Rule and individual industrialists and businessmen or a group of citizens which have registered in urban and rural industrial and commercial administration agencies, urban and rural individual where have no business licenses but undertake individual operation.
Government Agencies, Institutions and Social Organization are classified into following categories by source of funds and way of management taking reference of the registration status of enterprises.
(1)Government agencies include state and party agencies, classified in principle as "state-owned". There are exceptions, such as supply and marketing cooperatives which are classified as "collective-owned".
(2)Institutions include institutions of various types established with the approval by organization and staffing department of the government, but exclude institutions where enterprise management system is introduced. Institutions are further classified as follows:
(a) Institutions whose main budget is listed in the government budget appropriations or extra-budget funds, or allocated from the budget of their competent government agencies. Such institutions are classified as "state-owned".
(b) Institutions whose budget mainly comes from collective units. Such institutions are classified as "collective-owned".
(c) Institutions established by individual(individual partnership), which are classified as "private".
(d) Institutions other than those mentioned above whose source of budget is not clear. Such institutions are classified by way of management.
(3)Social organizations include social organizations established with the approval from the Ministry of Civil Affairs, and organizations that are not covered by social organizations management regulations such as trade unions, women’s federations etc.. Social organizations are further classified as follows:
(a) Social organizations that are not covered by social organizations management regulations of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, such as trade unions, women’s federations, communist youth leagues, youth associations, industrial and commerce associations, scientists associations, overseas Chinese associations, etc., foundations and fund management organization established with funds from state, and social organizations whose funds mainly come from the budget of their competent government agencies. Such institutions are classified as "state-owned".
(b)Social organizations whose budget mainly comes from collective units. Such institutions are classified as "collective-owned".
(c)Social organizations established by individual(individual partnership), which are classified as "private".
(d)Social organizations other than those mentioned above whose source of budget is not clear. Such institutions are classified by way of management.
Type of Ownership refers to enterprises classified as various type of ownership in accordance with registered categories of enterprises after 1998.In which, state-owned economy refer to state-owned enterprises, sole state-funded enterprises, state joint ownership enterprises, collective-owned economy refer to collective-owned enterprises, cooperative enterprises, collective joint ownership enterprises; private economy refer to private enterprises and individual.
Developed Areas refer to the land in administrative areas having been developed concentratedly with municipal public facilities. Forcore city, developed areas include concentrated areas and decentralized areas, having basic perfect municipal public facilities; for the city with several towns, developed areas are composed of several concentrated areas with municipal public facilities.Therefore, the scope of developed areas refers to actual construction land of a city.
|
