In 2001, under the leadership of Tianjin Municipal Party Committee and Tianjin M unicipal Government, governments at all levels implemented the working thought o f ush to seize the opportunity, bring a outstanding achievement?with the re quirements of the idea of hree Represents? quickened the step to carry out structural adjustment, technical innovation, opening to the outside world and im proving the living standard of people. In spite of weak foreign demand, people f rom all departments actively expanded domestic demand, brought their enthusiasm into full play, pressed forward in face of difficulties, pursued arduously socia l and economic progresses. Consequently, the national economy maintained a trend of sustained and rapid development. The economic efficiency of enterprises was further improved, the quality of economic performance continued to strengthen. C ity construction and social development achieved new progress, living standards of people continued to improve, enth-Five-Year?program was started in sound foundation.

Ⅰ. General Outlook

The national economy of Tianjin witnessed sustained and rapid development, the c ity's comprehensive economic strength continued to improve. The gross domestic p roduct (GDP) of the year was 182.667 billion yuan, up by 12.0 percent in comparable prices, the growth rate of Tianjin ranked the leading position in th e county. The per capita GDP grew from 17,993 yuan of the previous year to 19,986 yuan, up by 11.6 percent. With the rich basement of economic rapi d growth, fiscal income increased greatly. The year's fiscal income was 30.45 billion yuan, up by 24.4 percent.

The three industries speeded up development. The primary industry reached 7.85 6 billion yuan of the value-added, up by 6.3 percent over last year and 2.6 percentage points higher than that in 2000, its share in GDP was 4.3 percent. The secondary industry became the major factor to push forward the g rowth of economy, its value-added was 89.151 billion yuan, up by 12.7 pe rcent over last year and 1.2 percentage points higher than that in 2000, its share in GDP was 48.8 percent. Of which, the value-added of the industr ial sector was 80.73 billion yuan, up by 12.5 percent. The value-added o f the tertiary industry was 85.66 billion yuan, up by 11.7 percent and 1.2 percentage points higher than that in 2000, its share in GDP was 4 6.9 percent and 1.4 percentage points higher than that in 2000.

Ownership structure was readjusted, the non-public-owned sector developed quickl y. Among the gross industrial product of industrial enterprises above designated size, the industrial product of state-owned and state-controlling enterprises a ccounted for 32.7 percent, the foreign investment enterprises accounted for 45.5 percent, joint-stock enterprises accounted for 18.2 percent. The pr ivate and individual economy developed rapidly, its share in GDP continued to im prove. By the end of 2001, the number of private economy was 40.5 thousa nd, that of individual economy was 193 thousand. There are 463.6 thousan d persons and 264.9 thousand persons respectively in private and individual economy. The value-added of the private and individual economy was 32.481 bi llion yuan, and its share in GDP reached 17.8 percent from 15.7 percent of the previous year; the retail of sales consumer goods accounted for 27.9 percent.

Reform of economic system and other reforms were further deepened. There were 20 large-sized groups and corporations that were supported by the government. Modern enterprises system was set up in 152 large and medium-sized state-own ed industrial enterprises, accounting for 82.2 percent; 66 large and med ium-sized commercial enterprises completed joint-stock reorganization. Social se curity system made further improvement. By end of 2001, there were 1.89 million employed who joined retirement security program and 0.852 million re tired pensioners joined in general social pension management. All retired pensio ners had taken part in the social pension pool scheme. The reform on medical ins urance developed smoothly, 2.68 million employed and retired workers joined the medical insurance. There were 2.14 million employed who joined unemploym ent insurance.

The employment structure continued to change, reemployment made new progress. 165 thousand employed persons in economic units increased in 2001, by the end of 2001, employed people totaled 4.8834 million. Of which, laborers working in primary industry totaled 0.827 million, accounted for 17.0 pe rcent of all employed people; those working in the secondary industry totaled 2.1265 million, accounted for 43.5 percent; those working in the tertiary industry totaled 1.9299 million, accounted for 39.5 percent. There were 239 employment agencies in the city. By the year's end, 3.0474 million m en／times of people entered the city's markets of talent and labor for negotiati on and interview, 0.6173 million men/times of people reached initial intent. A series of preferential policies made more and more laid-off workers achieve r eemployment. In 2001, 54.3 thousand laid-off workers were re-employed th rough various measures. In 2001, the urban unemployment rate as calculated f rom unemployment registration was 3.6 percent.

Major problems that remained in economic performance and social development incl uded: the economic structure was not rational, the proportion of the tertiary in dustry needed to improve; the impact of insufficient foreign demand appeared, th e growth of exports was slow; the pressure of re-employment of laid-off workers was heavy.

Ⅱ. Agriculture

Agriculture quickened development depending on importing high-quality breeds, in creasing the area of vegetable protective land and developing high-quality farmi ng, fish-breeding & poultry raising. The gross agriculture product was 16.95 billion yuan, up by 8.0 percent than previous year, representing a year in which the growth rate being the fastest during the past three years, of farming 8.67 billion yuan, up by 4.1 percent; of animal husbandry 6.08 billi on yuan, up by 15.9 percent; of fishery 2.05 billion yuan, up by 2.9 per cent. Grain output increased to some extent influenced by the harvest of autumn grain. The total output of grain for the whole year was 1.4333 million tons, up by 15.5 percent over the previous year.

Obvious results were achieved in the adjustment of agricultural structure. The s own areas of cash crops increased, the proportion of grain crops to cash crops g rew from 1.66:1 in 2000 to 1.52:1 in 2001. Animal husbandry cont inued to develop depending on the rapid development of milk cow, live pig and ch icken, fishery witnessed stable development. Of the total output value of agricu lture, the fish-breeding and poultry-raising sector accounted for 48 percent . Structural adjustment for agricultural production was enhanced, made agricultu ral economy develop healthily. The following is the major farm and sideline prod ucts output:

The level of agricultural mechanization kept rising, agricultural production con ditions were effectively improved. By end of 2001, the city had 6.0332 m illion kilowatts of power of agricultural machinery and up by 1.7 percent; o wned large & medium-sized tractor 9,600 sets, small-sized tractor 37,100 sets and harvester 2,700 sets. Mechanical plowing rate of farmland reached 88.3 percent, mechanical sowing rate of farmland reached 44.3 percent. M echanical reaping area accounted for 20.3 percent of the total reaping area, electrical-machinery irrigation area reached 0.3436 million hectares.

Ⅲ. Industry and Construction

In 2001, difficulty brought about by insufficient foreign demand was overcom e, the industrial production developed rapidly. The total output value of indust rial sector was 327.822 billion yuan, up 15.2 percent; the gross industr ial product of industrial enterprises above designated size was 285.209 bill ion yuan, up 15.2 percent. The industrial product of the state-owned industr y was 37.191 billion yuan, 18.5 percent higher than the previous year; o f the collective-owned industry was 39.378 billion yuan, up by 10.6 perc ent; of the foreign investment was 129.719 billion yuan, up by 15.7 perc ent; of joint-stock enterprises was 51.847 billion yuan, up by 14.4 perc ent; of state-owned and state-controlling enterprises was 93.367 billion yua n, up 12.8 percent.

The effect of large and medium-sized key enterprises on pushing development of i ndustry forward was obvious. The industrial product of large and medium-sized in dustrial enterprises was 183.05 billion yuan, up by 16.3 percent over th e previous year, and its share in the gross industrial product was 64.2 perc ent. In which, the industrial product of state-owned large and medium-sized indu strial enterprises was 30.81 billion yuan, up 21.4 percent.

Development was quick in the high and new technology industry, major industrial sectors became substantial forces in driving up the industrial growth. The gross industrial product of the high and new technology industry was 89.228 billi on yuan, up 19.3 percent over last year and its share in the gross industria l product was 31.3 percent, representing 7.3 percentage points of growth rate of the total industry. Tianjin's four industries, namely electronic and te lecommunications industry, black metallurgical industry, chemical raw material i ndustry and petroleum processing industry, became the major force of the industr y, the industrial product of four industries was 132.894 billion yuan, up 21.3 percent over past year, its share in the gross industrial product was 4 6.6 percent and its contribution rate to the industrial growth reached 65.3percent. The development of new products and exports of industrial products m ade obvious progress, the value of new products of the year was 67.814 billi on yuan, and its share in gross industrial product grew to 23.8 percent and 0.9 percentage points higher than that in 2000. The value of exports of industrial products fulfilled 61.739 billion yuan, up 10.6 percent, its share in the total sales revenue was 22.0 percent. The following lists the o utput of major products:

Industrial enterprises fitted in with the demand of market, the production and m arketing situation were better. The sales ratio of industrial products was 98. 45 percent, of which, that of heavy industry was 98.95 percent, that of li ght industry was 97.43 percent, that of state-owned enterprises was 99.27 percent, of collective-owned enterprises was 96.86 percent, of foreign in vestment enterprises was 99.55 percent, of joint-stock enterprises was 97. 02 percent.

The economic efficiency increased continuously. The sales income of industrial e nterprises reached 282.62 billion yuan, up 9.4 percent, profit and tax t otaled 31.843 billion yuan, up 16.3 percent, of which, profit totaled 18.407 billion yuan, up 15.6 percent, tax totaled 13.436 billion yuan, up 17.2 percent. The profits of profit-making enterprises were 23.419 b illion yuan, up 10.5 percent, the loss incurred by loss-suffering enterprise s were 5.012 billion yuan, down 4.9 percent. The overall efficiency inde x for industrial enterprises in the whole year was 138.4, up by 14.7 per centage points. The sales income of foreign investment reached 125.604 billi on yuan, up 11.4 percent; tax totaled 4.918 billion yuan, up 42.2 pe rcent. The sales income of state-owned and state-controlling enterprises totaled 103.818 billion yuan, up 6.4 percent; tax totaled 7.011 billion yua n, up 5.4 percent; profit totaled 4.008 billion yuan, up 28.6 percent.

The value-added of the city's construction industry was 8.421 billion yuan, up by 15.3 percent. The total production of the year for the construction en terprises was 27.785 billion yuan, up by 25.7 percent. The construction enterprises contracted a total of 13,470 construction projects, of which, 5,552 projects were through bidding, accounting for 41.2 percent of the to tal and up 8 percentage points than last year. Management of project quality was strengthened, calculated by the floor space of buildings completed, excellent a nd good projects in the whole city accounted for 35 percent of the total.

Ⅳ. Investment In Fixed Assets

The completed investment in fixed assets of the city surpassed 70 billion yuan i n 2001, was 70.51 billion yuan, up by 15.8 percent over the previous year. Of this total, the investment of state-owned units was 61.25 billion yuan, up 16.4 percent; of urban & rural collective units and individuals, 9.26 billion yuan, up 12.1 percent. Among the investment of state-owned units, the central units completed 13.77 billion yuan, down by 5.0 percent; the lo cal units completed 47.48 billion yuan, up 24.5 percent; investment in c apital construction was 30.938 billion yuan, up by 10.4 percent; that in technic al updating and transformation reached 14.185 billion yuan, up by 26.7 perce nt. Investment in primary industry was 0.099 billion yuan, up 1.0 percen t; that in secondary industry was 25.459 billion yuan, up 3.8 percent; t hat in tertiary industry was 35.692 billion yuan, up 27.5 percent. The t otal construction floor space of housing was 25.385 million square meters, f loor space of housing completed was 9.753 million square meters, of which, f loor space of dwelling was 6.595 million square meters.

Key projects were constructed smoothly. A total of 47 key projects completed investment 16.886 billion yuan. 20 projects completed or completed bas ically, including Second Phase of Polyvinyl Project, Xiali Project, SAMSUNG Over large Color Kinescope, Boai Company Project, Tianjin United Chemical Project, Se cond Phase of Panshan Electricity Plant, Tianjin Port Project, Jinbin Expressway , Weijin River Reconstruction, Tianjin Mobile and China Unicom Project.

New progress was made in the investment of city infrastructure, city functions were improved. Investment in city infrastructure reached 15.284 billion yuan , up 19.4 percent, of which, investment in transportation, posts & telecommu nications was 8.88 billion yuan, up by 41.2 percent over the last year.

The investment in real estate increased rapidly. The added value of real estate was 8.151 billion yuan, up 17.2 percent. The completed investment in rea l estate was 16.127 billion yuan, up by 20.4 percent. The total construc tion floor space of the real estate sector was 18.627 million square meters, up by 4.5 percent; floor space of buildings completed in the year was 6.9 02 million square meters, up by 18.3 percent. Thanks to housing reform and the improvement of people's living level, consumption in housing increased rapi dly, 5.374 million square meters of floor space of commodity housing were so ld and the sales income was 12.76 billion yuan, up by 37.2 percent and 39.9 percent over the previous year respectively. Among commodity housing sa les, 97 percent of the total housing were sold to residents in the year.

Ⅴ. Domestic Trade and Market Prices

The value-added of wholesale, retail and catering trade completed in 2001 wa s 17.633 billion yuan, up by 12.7 percent. The sales value of all commod ities was 156.002 billion yuan, up 9.2 percent. The number of the market s having over 100 million yuan annual volume of trade was 47 in 2001,the volume of trade of these markets in 2001 was 23.75 billion yuan, u p by 23.7 percent, accounting for 67.8 percent of total volume of trade of all commodity markets, of which, Dahutong Wholesale Market was listed among ational 100 strong marketsn terms of annual volume of trade.

Transactions at the market became brisk. The total retail of sales consumer good s was 83.27 billion yuan, up by 13.0 percent. All economic ownership inc reased all-round, of which, state-owned enterprises completed 14.506 billion yuan, 11.9 percent higher than the previous year; the foreign investment en terprises completed 3.383 billion yuan, up by 9.0 percent. Private enter prises completed 9.629 billion yuan, up by 31.6 percent; individual econ omy completed 13.642 billion yuan, up by 27.2 percent. Trade forms were adjusted, chain stores developed rapidly, the city had 1,700 chain stores, i ncluding 900 supermarket outlets.

All kinds of goods sales increased all round. The retail of food was 33.433 billion yuan, up 11.8 percent, that of clothing was 13.924 billion yuan, up 12.1 percent; that of using goods was 34.698 billion yuan, up 13.3 percent. Overall growth was recorded in sales of mobile phone, personal compu ter, housing decoration materials. Vacation consumption was brisk, particularly during the long holidays of Spring Festival, Labor's Day and National Day.

The construction of large and medium-sized commercial facilities was strengthene d, construction of some major projects was completed, including Quanye Haiguangs i Supermarket, HomeClub Supermarket Nanlou North Store and Xiqing Store, TEDA Cu iheng Square, Tanggu Xinbai Square, Binhai Trade World, Xiqing GuangHui Shopping Center. The pace of trade street construction was quickened, the construction o f some projects was completed, including Tanggu Jiefang Road Trade Street, the S econd Phase of Dagang Shengli Street, Xiqing Yangliuqing Trade Street. The const ruction of commodity markets developed, including the First phase of Dahutong Tr ade Center, the First Phase of Wangdingdi Automobile City, the First Phase of Fo od Wholesale Market, Dengfa Decoration City and so on.

The retail price in 2001 remained on the low side, the consumer price level of the year increased to some extent, the price of industrial products declined. The 2001 price indexes (take 100 as of the previous year) were:

Ⅵ. Open To The Outside World and The New Coastal Area

The import and export trade continued to increase. The total of foreign trade im port and export was 18.186 billion US dollars, up by 6.0 percent. In wh ich, import was 8.685 billion US dollars, up by 1.8 percent, and export was 9.502 billion US dollars, up by 10.1 percent, of which, exports of gener al trade was 3.345 billion US dollars, increased by 3.7 percent, exports of processing trade was 6.011 billion US dollars, up by 14.7 percent.

The structure of exports was further optimized, electrical-machinery products co ntinued to keep its primary position in the export and completed 4.98 billi on US dollars, and its share in the city's total export was 52.4 percent. Th e foreign investment enterprises continued to be the first place of the city's f oreign trade. The export of these enterprises in 2001 was 7.112 billion US dollars, up by 11.5 percent over the previous year, and its share in the city's total export was 74.8 percent. The export of state-owned enterprises was 2.165 billion US dollars, up 2.6 percent; the export of collective-owned enterprises was 0.211 billion US dollars, up 78.2 percent. The strategy of multi-markets was further promoted. While stabilizing the traditional market , efforts were also made in developing the European and American markets, export s to Asia was 4.845 billion US dollars, up 11.1 percent; to the United State s was 2.224 billion US dollars, up 12.1 percent; to Europe was 1.859 billion US dollars, up 3.0 percent.

The port functions were improved. The total value of import and export of Tianji n as a port was 32.371 billion US dollars, up by 8.6 percent. In which, import was 14.558 billion US dollars, up by 9.7 percent, and export was 17.813 billion US dollars, up by 7.8 percent.

The city actively utilized foreign capitals, the actual direct investment of for eign capital quickened to increase. In 2001, the number of foreign investmen t enterprise projects that newly signed agreements was 618, the total contra cted investment of foreign capital was 4.63 billion US dollars, the actual d irect investment of foreign capital was 3.22 billion US dollars, up by 25. 8 percent. The large investment projects increased, the number of new projects which total investment exceed 5 million US dollars was 60, 21 more than that in 2000, up by 53.8 percent, the total contracted investment of fo reign capital was 1.063 billion US dollars, up by 56.3 percent. The inve stment of foreign capital in tertiary industry increased, the contracted investm ent in 2001 was 0.825 billion US dollars, up by 33.9 percent. By th e end of 2001, Tianjin had signed contracts with investors from 110 coun tries and regions.

Foreign technical cooperation continued to expand. In 2001, the number of co ntracted foreign projects and labor services was 811. The value of contracts of foreign projects was 0.308 billion US dollars; the turnover accomplished was 0 .305 billion US dollars. By the end of 2001, the number of persons who wen t abroad to work was 15.1 thousand. Tianjin adopted the policy of actively i ntroducing advanced and suitable technology from abroad, the city signed 263 technology import contracts in 2001, involving 0.287 billion US dollars . In 2001, there were 38 new organization established in abroad, of whic h, the enterprises which were permit to invest in abroad was 25, the total i nvestment was 14.17 million US dollars, in which, the domestic investment wa s 11.05 million US dollars.

Tianjin took steps to open its door wider to domestic investors, actively partic ipated in west development. The number of contracted projects that newly signed was 848, the contracted utilization of capitals from other provinces reached 8.208 billion yuan, the actual investment was 5.112 billion yuan. By th e end of 2001, the number of enterprises of various ministries and other pro vinces settled in Tianjin topped 3,426 with registered capital of 27.385 billion yuan. The number of contracted projects between Tianjin and west provin ces and municipalities was 456, the contracted investment was 15.5 billi on yuan, involving the construction of infrastructure, the adjustment of product s structure and industrial structure, environmental protection, utilization of r esources and energy, personnel training & exchange. Assistance and support of Ti anjin to GanShu, Changdu of Tibet and Wanzhou District of ChongQing was further enhanced and promoted the development of local economy.

New Coastal Area developed rapidly, its promotion role on the overall economy wa s strengthened. The gross domestic product (GDP) of 2001 was 66.714 bill ion yuan, up by 17.8 percent over the previous year, its share in the city's total GDP rose to 36.5 percent from 34.3 percent of the previous year. The gross industrial product was 146.338 billion yuan, up by 21.3 percen t; the investment in fixed assets was 24.345 billion yuan, up by 32.1 pe rcent; the total retail of sales consumer goods was 11.861 billion yuan, up by 13.5 percent; export was 5.431 billion US dollars, up 21.7 percen t; the number of foreign investment projects that newly signed was 276, the total contracted investment of foreign capital was 3.203 billion US dollars; the actual direct investment was 2.449 billion US dollars, up by 72.1 p ercent.

Ⅶ. Transportation, Posts & Telecommunications and Tourism

Transportation, posts and telecommunications speeded up development continuously . The value-added of transportation, posts and store industries in 2001 was 20.533 billion yuan, up by 11.3 percent.

The comprehensive transport capacity was enhanced, Tianjin port cargo handling c apacity surpassed 0.1 billion tons. The following is the breakdown.

Posts and telecommunications developed rapidly, modern communication means were popularized. The turnover of the posts and telecommunications in 2001 was 9.52 billion yuan, up by 27.7 percent. Letters delivered reached 170.66 million, up by 31.3 percent, of which, the international express mail rea ched 0.1707 million. In 2001, the city handled 0.424 billion long-di stance telephone calls, up 25.1 percent. Of the total, the international cal ls and calls reaching Hongkong, Macao and Taiwan totaled 7.7301 million. By the end of 2001, the length of long distance optical-fiber cable reached 1 ,122.88 kilometer, up 1.5 times. The city's telephone switching system cap acity had expanded to 3.7174 million lines. The figures with telephone subsc ribers reached 2.75 million, of which, residential telephones reached 2.19 1 million. The city's subscribers to CHINANET services were 0.7041 million and up by 1.3 times than the previous year.

Information industry was growing rapidly in Tianjin. Information infrastructure developed quickly, formed optical network-based high speed and broad band networ k. Government information achieved advancement, 80 percent of 63 governm ent bodies established bureau network. Enterprise information system and e-busin ess implemented smoothly, 16,000 enterprises were listed at network, a thous and enterprises had own network address, a hundred enterprises had own network, 10 sector network were opened. In 2001, 100 enterprises were reforme d using information technology. The city set up Logistics Information Network an d Heping Network Station. Progress was made in information construction of local communities, TEDA Broadband Network began to operate, Nankai Broadband Network covered 210 resident zones.

By developing tourism resources, hosting festival & cultural activities, Tianjin spent efforts to develop its tourism industry. The development of domestic and international tourism accelerated. International tourists received in 2001 w ere 421.4 thousand men／times, of these, 375.3 thousand men／times were foreigners, 46.1 thousand from Hongkong, Macao, Taiwan. Foreign exchange in come of international tourism was 0.28 billion US dollars, up by 20.9 pe rcent. About 55 thousand residents went abroad and spent 0.992 billion y uan on tourism.

Ⅷ. Banking and Insurance

The service function of banking and insurance sector was further enhanced, its s upporting for economic development was increased. The value-added of the city's banking and insurance industries was 5.793 billion yuan in 2001, up by 3.7 percent. The number of various types of financial facility reached 2,7 75 and the number of banking facilities reached 1,703. In these, 14 we re foreign banks and 1,072 were non-banking facilities. There were 43.7 thousand employees in these financial facilities.

By end of 2001, the balance of deposit of all financial institutions was 2 56.255 billion yuan and that was 28.09 billion yuan more than the beginnin g of the year. The balance of savings of urban and rural residents by end of 2 001 was 128.495 billion yuan and increased 11.255 billion yuan than the be ginning of the year. In which, the balance of savings of urban and town resident s was 111.734 billion yuan and increased 10.587 billion yuan than the be ginning of the year. The balance of savings of the rural residents was 16.762 billion yuan and increased 0.668 billion yuan. The savings of enterprises continued to increase, the balance of savings reached 94.689 billion yuan, increased 7.532 billion yuan than the beginning of the year. Banking institu tions enlarged the size of loans. The balance of loans was 215.986 billion y uan and that was 29.549 billion yuan more than the beginning of the year, sh ort-term loans and medium and long-term loans up 14.589 billion and 9.431 billion yuan respectively compared with that of the beginning of the year. Th e balance of deposit was 40.269 billion yuan more than the balance of loans. The cash income of all banking facilities in 2001 was 478.214 billion y uan. The cash payment of all banking facilities was 479.323 billion yuan. Th e net cash supply was 1.109 billion yuan. The pace of e-bank construction wa s quickened.

Stock market continued to develop. By the end of 2001,21 companies issued 24 shares, 5 shares were issued in 2001. The transaction volume of the sto ck market was 194.619 billion yuan. Of which, the transaction volume of stoc ks was 144.144 billion yuan. The city established large-sized security insti tution, Bohai Security Corporation. The total of regulated foreign exchange in t he year was 1.159 billion US dollars.

The insurance premium increased at a high speed. In 2001, the insurance premium totaled 3.99 billion yuan, up by 28.7 percent over the previous year. Of this total, the premium of property insurance was 1.36 billion yuan, that o f life insurance was 2.42 billion yuan, that of health and unforeseen accide nt insurance was 0.21 billion yuan. The insurance companies paid out 1.2 billion yuan, of which the indemnity of property insurance and short-term life insurance was 0.76 billion yuan, the indemnity on life insurance was 0.44 billion yuan. Hengan Life Insurance Co. Ltd established in this year and beca me the fist joint-stock insurance corporation that the head office located in Ti anjin.

Ⅸ. Science, Technology and Education

Science and technology gained obvious achievements. There were 1,200 municip al level items of achievement in scientific research. In which, 60 were in t he lead internationally and 249 reached international advanced level. In 2 001, 9 national awards of scientific progress were received. There were 3,08 1 applications for patent received in 2001 and 1,829 patents were auth orized. In 2001, 5.237 billion yuan was used in science and technology p rojects; 2.469 billion yuan was pumped into research and development (R&D) p rojects, its share in GDP was 1.51 percent.

The pace of technology renovation quickened. In 2001, the city actively four science and technology projects, including enterprise information project, agri culture information project, traditional Chinese medicine modernization and envi ronmental protection. Science and technology renovation mechanism was improved, 50 projects were implemented. In 2001, a total of 7,335 contracts on the transfer of technology were signed involving a transaction value of 3.06 billion yuan, up by 16.5 percent. In 2001, the city set up 10 ent erprises technology centers, by the end of 2001, the city had set up 7 state -level technology centers and 63 city-level enterprise technology centers, 8 state key laboratories completed establishment. The team of science and technol ogy continued to expand. There were 0.527 million technical personnel in the city. In which, 0.247 million were in natural science and technology.

The Hi-tech Industry Park saw rapid development. The total of income from techno logy, industry and trade was 38.054 billion yuan, up by 30.1 percent. Th e total value of output was 32.177 billion yuan, up by 30.1 percent. Pro fit completed was 1.246 billion yuan, up by 22.7 percent, tax was 1.86 7 billion yuan, up 32.1 percent. The sales income earned from export was 0.792 billion US dollars, up by 2.1 percent.

Education saw vigorous development. In 2001, regular institution of higher l earning and advanced vocational and technical colleges enrolled 56 thousand students, the total number of their students reached 0.154 million by the en d of 2001. There were 1,173 enrolled graduate students for doctor's degr ee and 4,181 for master's degree. Students graduated with doctor's degree an d master's degree were 484 and 1,616 respectively. There were 80 general secondary specialized schools with 81 thousand enrolled and 25.8 thousa nd graduated students. Various degree of vocational or technical education and a dult education continued to develop, the newly enrolled undergraduate students o f adult schools were 14 thousand, a total of 32 thousand students enroll ed.

The popularization of the 9-year compulsory education further developed. There w ere 708 regular high schools enrolling 0.198 million new entrants, enrol ling 0.451 million junior school students and graduated 0.1298 million; and enrolling 0.1415 million senior school students and graduated 36.8 t housand; the senior middle school level enrollment rate reached 91 percent. The number of primary schools was 1,307, altogether enrolling 0.665 mill ion pupils including 95 thousand new entrants, graduated 0.1476 million. The attendance rate of school-age children was 99.99 percent, the enrollmen t rate of junior secondary schools was 98.79 percent. The city completed the merger and close-down of a number of middle and primary schools, some high-stan dard and high-quality senior middle schools established in this year.

Ⅹ. Culture, Public Health and Sports

Cultural undertakings were prospered. By end of 2001, 揻ive first projects ?achieved success in the successive six times. Throughout the city, there were 15 art-performing groups, 19 culture and scientific technology centers, 14 museums, 31 public libraries and 30 film-protection units. Magaz ines issued were 45.7185 million copies; newspapers, 720.7958 million co pies; and books, 62.3586 million copies. The Tianjin People's Radio Station had six programs, airing an average of 116.5 hours per day; Tianjin TV had 3 channels.

Public health developed continuously. By end of 2001, there were 2,803 m edical and health facilities and in which, 495 hospitals, 24 public heal th and epidemic prevention and cure facilities and 13 women and children hea lth facilities. By end of the year, these facilities had 41.6 thousand beds and in which, 40.4 thousand sick beds were in the hospitals. There were 63 .5 thousand professional public health personnel and in which 29.2 thousan d were medical doctors. The health care network in communities was set up initia lly, the health condition of residents was further improved.

Sports made new progress. In the ninth national games, Tianjin athletes got 8 go ld medals, 8 silver medals and 9 bronze medals. In the Asian Games, the city's a thletes got 3 gold medals. During international games, the athletes from the cit y won 1 gold medal, 2 silver medals and 2 bronze medals. In order to improve spo rts condition of people, the city added 136 public fitness sites in local co mmunities, 365 public fitness sites were built in communities by the end of 2001 with 0.53 million square meters. The national fit-keeping program was f urther promoted. The first constitution investigation displayed that 78.5 pe rcent of urban children were up to standard and 83.1 percent of rural childr en were up to standard.

Ⅺ. Urban Construction and Environmental Protection

The coordinated level of traffic continued to improve, public utilities develope d continuously, the city strengthened the supervision of social environment. The paved way in the city reached 3,893 kilometers by the end of 2001, cove ring 42.73 million square meters of space, the new paved highway reached 2 5 kilometers. There were 31,939 taxis and 337 routes of trolleys and b uses in operation, and the length of the routes reached 7,720 kilometers, up by 7.4 percent. The total volume of passenger transportation through public transportation system of the year was 591.65 million person-times, the aver age daily passenger transportation was 1.621 million person-times. The total volume of water supply of one day reached 3.619 million cubic meters, the t otal volume of tapped water sold of the year was 0.42 billion cubic meters, of this total, that for living use stood at 0.235 billion cubic meters. A to tal of 1.9774 million households gained access to natural gas, the gasificat ion rate of fuel for urban households was 94.8 percent. The space of added h eating in this year was 12.0 million square meters and the thermalization ra te was 71.1 percent. The green areas continued to enlarge, the public green space of urban residents was 5.9 square meters, and the rate of green-covere d areas in urban areas was 26 percent, up by 0.5 square meter and 1.0 percen tage point respectively. The city's environment was greatly improved, the city r evamped 150 roads, removed illegal buildings of 0.98 million square mete rs, concealed 72 markets that occupied roads; brought 15 regions under c ontrol.

New progress was made in environmental protection. By the end of 2001, there were 20 monitoring environment stations in operation. Tianjin had 8 nature protection areas, 1 ecological demonstration area, 53 smoke and dust control zones with the total space of 464 square kilometers. There were 375 squ are kilometers where the noise pollution was put under the specified level.

The improvement of air pollution made new progress. The density of total suspend ed particles was down by 7.2 percent. The air pollution was lightened. The c ity started揵lue water project? control on the urban water system environment progressed smoothly. New progress made in solid waste and noise prevention, the first stage of Tanggu alkaline land control completed,

Ⅻ. Population

By end of 2001, the city's permanent resident population reached 10.0406 million and that was 29.2 thousand more than the previous year. The registe red population was 9.1398 million, increased 19.8 thousand than the prev ious year, among the total population, 3.7876 million were agriculture popul ation and 7.4 thousand less than the previous year, 5.3522 million were non-agriculture population and 27.1 thousand more than last year. The birth rate of the population was 7.58‰, 0.14 per-thousand-points lower than t he previous year. The mortality rate was 5.94‰, the natural growth rate of the population was 1.64‰, up 0.09 per-thousand-points. The proportion o f population aged 65 and over was 10 percent.

ⅩⅢ. People's Life

The income of the urban and rural residents continued to increase and their livi ng standard further upgraded. The annual per capita disposable income of urban r esidents was 8,958.70 yuan, up by 10.1 percent. The average consuming ex penditure was 6,987.22 yuan, up by 14.2 percent The living quality was f urther improved, the Engel coefficient dropped from 40.1 percent in the prev ious year to 37.0 percent in 2001. The number of color TV sets owned by per hundred urban households was 134, refrigerators was 102.6, washing machi nes was 95.6, cameras was 59.6, VCD players was 41, air-conditioners was 73.8, microwave ovens was 43, telephone sets was 92, computers was 21.2, water heater was 78.6. The average net annual income of the pe asants was 4,825 yuan, up by 10.4 percent. The number of color TV sets o wned by per hundred rural households was 103, washing machines was 90, r efrigerators was 66, air-conditioners was 20, telephone sets was 72.

The dwelling condition and the living environment of the urban and rural residen ts further improved. By end of 2001, the per capita using house space in the urban area reached 14.56 square meters, up by 0.68 square meters over t he previous year. The per capita dwelling space in the rural area was 23.93 square meters, up by 0.32 square meter over the last year. The municipal gov ernment's 20 projects to improve the life of urban and rural residents were accomplished satisfactorily.

Social relief continued to develop. 26.1 thousand received social relief, 0.103 million residents received minimum life guarantee relief. There were 1 3,431 beds in social welfare institutions and received 8,720 inmates. Ther e were 1,955 community service facilities, 93 community service centers. The coverage of social security network in Tianjin's rural area reached 50 percent. In 2001, 0.119 billion yuan worth of social-welfare lottery tic kets were issued, raising 0.04 billion yuan worth of social funds.

Note: